Ingres
• Year 1973 - INGRES (INteractive Graphics Retrieval System) work on one of the world's first RDBMS was started by Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker at University of California at Berkeley Year 1979 - Oracle Database first version was released.
• Early 1980’s - INGRES used QUEL as its preferred Query Language. Whereas Oracle used SQL Year 1985 - UC Berkeley INGRES research project officially ended
Postgres
• Year 1986 - Postgres was introduced as a Post-Ingres evolution. Used POSTQUEL as its query language until 1994
• Year 1995 - Postgres95 replaced Postgres with its support for SQL as a query language
• Following the works of the Berkeley’s Professor Michael Stonebraker, in 1996 Marc G. Fournier asked if there was volunteers interested in revamping the Postgres 95 project.
Features
Portable
• Written in C
• Flexible across all the UNIX platforms, Windows, MacOS and others
• World’s most advanced open source database. Community-driven
• ANSI/ISO Compliant SQL support
Reliable
• ACID Compliant
• Supports Transactions
• Uses Write Ahead Logging
Scalable
• MVCC
• Table Partitioning
• Tablespaces
• FDWs
• Sharding
Security
• Host-Based Access Control
• Object-Level and Row-Level Security
• Logging and Auditing
• Encryption using SSL
High Availability
• Synchronous/Asynchronous Replication and Delayed Standby
• Cascading Replication
• Online Consistent Physical Backups and Logical Backups
• PITR
ACID compliant
The word ACID is an acronym for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability. An ACID compliant database ensures those ules are enforced at any time.
• The atomiticy is enforced when a transaction is “all or nothing”. For example if a transaction inserts a group of new rows. If just one row violates the primary key then the entire transaction must be rolled back leaving the table as nothing happened.
• The consistency ensures the database is constantly in a valid state. The database steps from a valid state to another valid state without exceptions.
• The isolation is enforced when the database status can be reached like all the concurrent transactions were run in serial.
• The durability ensures the committed transactions are saved on durable storage. In the event of the database crash the database must recover to last valid state.
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