JAVA API PACKAGES
Packages in java
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What is package: a way of grouping a variety of classes with interface together. they grouping is usually done according to functionality. As a container of group of classes.
1- The classes contained in the packages of other programs can be easily reused.
2- Classes can be unique compared with classes in other packages.
3- Package provide the facility to hide classes and preventing other programs
4- Packages also provide a way for separating design and coding.
Java API packages : java API provide a large number classes grouped into different packages according to functionality.
Java API packages : lang, util , io , awt , net , applet
Java system packages and their classes:
Java.lang : support language classes.
Java.util : language utility classes such as vectors , hash tables, random numbers , date etc.
Java.io : input/output support classes. They provide facilities fo the input output of data.
Java.awt: set of classes for implementing graphical user interface. They include classes for windows, buttons, lists , menus etc.
Java.net : classes for networking . they include classes for communicating with local computers as well as with internet services.
Java.applet: classes for creating implementing applets.
Using system packages : the packages are organized in a hierarchical structure
Awt – package containing awt package
Package containing classes
Classes containing methods
Import java.awt.Colour
Import java.awt.*;
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Naming conventions : packages begin with a lowercase letters .
Double y= java.lang.Math.sqrt(x);
Lang – package name
Math – class name
Sqrt - Method name
Creating packages:
Package packagename;
How to declare packages :
1- Define the package at the beginning and declare it public.
2- Create subdirectory under the directory where the main source file are stored.
3- Store the listing as the classname.java file in the subdirectory created.
4- Compile the file . this creates .class file in the subdirectory.
Accessing packages:
Import package1.classanme;
Import packagename.*;
Using a package:
Adding a class to a package:
1- Define the class and make it public
2- Place the package statement
3- Store this file under the directory
4- Compile file this file will create .class file
How to adding /access multiple class
1- Define the name of the package
2- Create a subdirectory with this name under the directory where main source file are stored
3- Create classes that are to be placed in the package in separate source files and declare the package statement.
4- Switch the subdirectory.
Hinding classes : we can give a private modifier.
we can give a private modifier.
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