Isis | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis
00:03:25 1 In Egypt and Nubia
00:03:34 1.1 Name and origins
00:05:32 1.2 Roles
00:06:19 1.2.1 Wife and mourner
00:09:20 1.2.2 Mother goddess
00:13:06 1.2.3 Goddess of kingship and the protection of the kingdom
00:14:53 1.2.4 Goddess of magic and wisdom
00:16:38 1.2.5 Sky goddess
00:17:55 1.2.6 Universal goddess
00:20:07 1.3 Iconography
00:22:49 1.4 Worship
00:22:58 1.4.1 Relationship with royalty
00:25:54 1.4.2 Temples and festivals
00:29:39 1.4.3 Funerary
00:31:16 1.4.4 Popular worship
00:32:49 2 In the Greco-Roman world
00:32:59 2.1 Spread
00:37:39 2.2 Roles
00:42:33 2.3 Relationships with other deities
00:47:04 2.4 Iconography
00:48:32 2.5 Worship
00:48:40 2.5.1 Adherents and priests
00:51:09 2.5.2 Temples and daily rites
00:52:42 2.5.3 Personal worship
00:53:57 2.5.4 Initiation
00:55:57 2.5.5 Festivals
00:57:45 3 Possible influence on Christianity
01:01:47 4 Influence in later cultures
01:07:17 5 See also
01:07:30 6 Notes and citations
01:07:43 7 Works cited
01:07:52 8 Further reading
01:11:00 9 External links
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SUMMARY
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Isis or Aset, Iset in Ancient Egyptian (Ancient Egyptian: ꜣst; Coptic: Ⲏⲥⲉ Ēse; Classical Greek: Ἶσις Isis; Meroitic: Wusa) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BCE) as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her slain husband, the divine king Osiris, and produces and protects his heir, Horus. She was believed to help the dead enter the afterlife as she had helped Osiris, and she was considered the divine mother of the pharaoh, who was likened to Horus. Her maternal aid was invoked in healing spells to benefit ordinary people. Originally, she played a limited role in royal rituals and temple rites, although she was more prominent in funerary practices and magical texts. She was usually portrayed in art as a human woman wearing a throne-like hieroglyph on her head. During the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BCE), as she took on traits that originally belonged to Hathor, the preeminent goddess of earlier times, Isis came to be portrayed wearing Hathor's headdress: a sun disk between the horns of a cow.
In the first millennium BCE, Osiris and Isis became the most widely worshipped of Egyptian deities, and Isis absorbed traits from many other goddesses. Rulers in Egypt and its neighbor to the south, Nubia, began to build temples dedicated primarily to Isis, and her temple at Philae was a religious center for Egyptians and Nubians alike. Her reputed magical power was greater than that of all other gods, and she was said to protect the kingdom from its enemies, govern the skies and the natural world, and have power over fate itself.
In the Hellenistic period (323–30 BCE), when Egypt was ruled and settled by Greeks, Isis came to be worshipped by Greeks and Egyptians, along with a new god, Serapis. Their worship diffused into the wider Mediterranean world. Isis's Greek devotees ascribed to her traits taken from Greek deities, such as the invention of marriage and the protection of ships at sea, and she retained strong links with Egypt and other Egyptian deities who were popular in the Hellenistic world, such as Osiris and Harpocrates. As Hellenistic culture was absorbed by Rome in the first century BCE, the cult of Isis became a part of Roman religion. Her devotees were a small proportion of the Roman Empire's population but were found all across its territory. Her following developed distinctive festivals such as the Navigium Isidis, as well as initiation ceremonies resembling those of other Greco-Roman mystery cults. Some of her devotees said she encompassed all feminine divine powers in the world.
The ...
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