Electronic computer | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
00:02:48 1 Etymology
00:05:05 2 History
00:05:14 2.1 Pre-20th century
00:11:48 2.2 First computing device
00:14:21 2.3 Analog computers
00:16:22 2.4 Digital computers
00:16:31 2.4.1 Electromechanical
00:18:50 2.4.2 Vacuum tubes and digital electronic circuits
00:24:12 2.5 Modern computers
00:24:22 2.5.1 Concept of modern computer
00:25:49 2.5.2 Stored programs
00:29:03 2.5.3 Transistors
00:30:59 2.5.4 Integrated circuits
00:33:36 2.6 Mobile computers
00:34:56 3 Types
00:35:11 3.1 Based on uses
00:35:28 3.2 Based on sizes
00:36:00 4 Hardware
00:36:36 4.1 History of computing hardware
00:36:47 4.2 Other hardware topics
00:37:56 4.3 Input devices
00:39:00 4.4 Output devices
00:39:34 4.5 Control unit
00:42:53 4.6 Central processing unit (CPU)
00:43:30 4.7 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
00:45:42 4.8 Memory
00:50:52 4.9 Input/output (I/O)
00:52:20 4.10 Multitasking
00:54:56 4.11 Multiprocessing
00:56:36 5 Software
00:57:52 5.1 Languages
00:58:14 5.2 Programs
00:59:32 5.2.1 Stored program architecture
01:02:37 5.2.2 Machine code
01:05:22 5.2.3 Programming language
01:06:14 5.2.3.1 Low-level languages
01:06:53 5.2.3.2 High-level languages
01:08:27 5.2.4 Program design
01:09:52 5.2.5 Bugs
01:11:23 6 Networking and the Internet
01:13:56 7 Unconventional computers
01:14:58 8 Future
01:15:51 8.1 Computer architecture paradigms
01:17:37 8.2 Artificial intelligence
01:18:50 9 Professions and organizations
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SUMMARY
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A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide range of tasks.
Computers are used as control systems for a wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer-aided design, and also general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones.
Early computers were only conceived as calculating devices. Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The speed, power, and versatility of computers have been increasing dramatically ever since then.
Conventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices include input devices (keyboards, mice, joystick, etc.), output devices (monitor screens, printers, etc.), and input/output devices that perform both functions (e.g., the 2000s-era touchscreen). Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source and they enable the result of operations to be saved and retrieved.
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