Conquer the JavaScript Interview: Merge Sorted Arrays [Intermediate Skill Level]
Link to this Playlist:
• Conquering the JavaScript Interview
This is a part of my Algorithms and Data Structures playlist series. We cover a lot of common interview questions asked during whiteboards for entry level developers. Learning to master these takes time, practice, and pattern recognition. So I'll be helping you equip a toolbelt and filling it with as many tools as I can to help prepare you crush those interviews! Remember: "Luck is where practice meets opportunity."
We tackle a conceptually "easy" task: to take two sorted array of numbers and merge them into a sorted array of numbers. Imagine that you have two piles of playing cards, each sorted in ascending order. Your task is to merge the two piles into a single pile that is also sorted in ascending order. You start by taking the top card from each pile, and comparing them to see which card is smaller. You then place the smaller card onto the merged pile, and repeat this process with the next two cards from the two piles. You continue doing this until you have gone through all the cards in both piles, and the merged pile contains all the cards in ascending order.
So here's the steps we take to code this fun lil' function:
It checks if the length of arrA is greater than the length of arrB. If it is, it swaps the values of arrA and arrB. This is to ensure that arrA is always the shorter array, which will be useful later in the function. If the lengths are equal or arrB is shorter, no swapping is done.
The function checks if either input array is empty. If arrA is empty, it returns arrB as the merged and sorted output. If arrB is empty, it returns arrA as the output. If both arrays are empty, it returns an empty array.
If both input arrays have at least one element, the function creates an empty array mergedArray to store the merged and sorted output, and initializes two indices, i and j, to 0.
The function uses a while loop to iterate over the elements in arrA and arrB, comparing the element at index i in arrA to the element at index j in arrB. If the element in arrA is smaller or equal to the element in arrB, it pushes the element in arrA onto mergedArray, increments i, and continues to the next iteration of the loop. Otherwise, it pushes the element in arrB onto mergedArray, increments j, and continues to the next iteration of the loop.
The loop continues until either i or j reaches the end of its respective array. At this point, the remaining elements in the non-empty array are added to mergedArray using two more while loops.
Finally, the function returns mergedArray as the merged and sorted output.
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