oop in python examples
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object-oriented programming (oop) is a programming paradigm that organizes code into reusable and modular components called objects. python is a versatile and object-oriented programming language that supports the principles of oop. in this tutorial, we will explore the key concepts of oop in python, including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.
in python, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. an object is an instance of a class, and it encapsulates data and behavior. let's create a simple class to represent a person:
in this example, the person class has a constructor (__init__ method) to initialize the object's attributes (name and age). the display_info method prints information about the person.
inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. this promotes code reuse. let's create a student class that inherits from the person class:
the student class inherits from the person class using super() and adds a new attribute (student_id) and method (display_student_info).
encapsulation restricts access to some of the object's components. in python, attributes and methods can be public, protected, or private. let's modify the person class to demonstrate encapsulation:
in this example, _name is a protected attribute, and __age is a private attribute. it's a convention to use a single leading underscore for protected attributes and a double leading underscore for private attributes.
polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, promoting flexibility. let's create a display function that works for both person and student objects:
the display function can accept both person and `
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