Nirukta is the word used in Sanskrit to refer to one of the ancillary sciences connected to the Vedas, which covers etymology, and studies the interpretation of the words in the Vedas. The most well-known ancient scholar in this area, whose works have come down to us, is Yāska. His work is simply called the Nirukta. There were many etymologists before him and Yāska built his theories over the vast amount of work that existed before him. Gārgya was one such ancient etymologist Yāska quotes but disagrees with. Yāska claims to be a successor of Śākaṭāyana, an early etymologist, who also he quotes. In comparison, the earliest western etymologist was Plato, and Yāska predates Plato by many centuries.
The Nirukta of Yāska is a treatise on etymology and semantics, explaining how words in the Vedas got their meanings. Many of the words he explains are from the Nighaṇṭu, a thesaurus of words appearing in the Vedas. Some say that Yāska himself is the author of the Nighaṇṭu also.
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