इंडोनेशिया की वो अदृश्य दिवाल जिसे कोई पार नहीं कर सकता।Invisible line indonesia
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The Wallace line runs through Indonesia between Borneo and Sulawesi and down through the Lombok Strait which separates Bali and Lombok. Birds appear to mainly observe the line as many species do not fly over even narrow stretches of water and mammals are generally limited to either one side or the other. Other plant and animal groups show differing levels of observation of the line but in general, the division of species is strikingly consistent – one exception is the long-tail macaque (also known as the crab-eating macaque) which is one of only a few species of mammal found on either side of the Wallace line.
The Wallace line takes its name from the late Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913). Wallace was a British naturalist, biologist and explorer most famous for conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection. Wallace’s paper on evolution of species was jointly published with work from Charles Darwin but when Darwin published his book “On the Origin of Species’’ it was his name that became famously associated with theories of evolution.
Wallace was considered by many to be the 19th Century’s leading expert on the distribution of animal species and he has been referred to as the ‘father of biogeography’. As well as studying the geographical distribution of species, Wallace made numerous contributions to evolutionary theory including leading work on the concept of warning coloration in animals.
Unlike many other preeminent scientists and naturalists at the time Wallace did not come from wealthy roots and he struggled with financial hardship throughout his lifetime. Much of his funding came from collecting specimens during his travels which he sold to collectors back in Europe – with varying levels of success. Much of the fortunes that he raised through his work as a collector he lost later in a series of bad investments leaving him to finance himself through writing numerous publications. Wallace struggled to find a permanent, long term salaried position and it was thanks to the efforts of Charles Darwin, amongst others, that he was eventually awarded a small government pension to support himself later in life.
Wallace documented his adventures meticulously and his reports of his explorations in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia are regarded by many as the best journals of scientific exploration published in the 19th Century. During his travels in the Indonesian Archipelago Wallace collected over 126,000 specimens, several thousand of which were new discoveries to science. It was during his time in Indonesia that he pondered upon his theories of natural selection which were published in 1869 in ‘’The Malay Archipelago’’ – a work that was dedicated to Charles Darwin and has never since been out of print.
Wallace’s theories were not met with enthusiasm from the outset, his ideas challenged not only scientific values but also religious ones – at the time in which he was writing it was commonly believed that every species was created by God and Wallace’s ideas challenged this age old view point by suggesting that species actually evolved over time as opposed to becoming extinct and a new species being created by an almighty power.
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