Reversible Zinc Anodes - Alberto Varzi
Aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries have attracted intensive attention from researchers owing to the high theoretical capacity of Zn metal, and its relatively low cost. Accordingly, several Zn-based rechargeable battery systems using alkaline (e.g., KOH solution) as well as close to neutral electrolytes (e.g., ZnSO4 solution) have been proposed. Nevertheless, multiple issues still affect the reversibility of the Zn anode, such as Zn dendrite formation and water/oxygen-related side reactions.
To address the above mentioned issues, substantial efforts have been made following two main strategies: (i) modification of the electrolyte composition and (ii) development of the artificial interphases on the Zn anode. The electrolyte modification is usually aimed at suppressing side reactions with the solvent by reducing the content of free water and optimizing the Zn ion solvation. Herein, highly concentrated aqueous solutions based on low-cost acetate salts will be discussed as promising F-free electrolytes for highly reversible Zn stripping/plating. With regards to the modification of the Zn anode surface, several approaches to form an artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) have been explored in recent years. Here two examples will be discussed, including the design of a thin and uniform ZnF layer obtained by a facile chemical/thermal treatment at the relatively low temperature, as well as a Silica/PVDF-HFP-based hybrid interphase applied by a simple solution casting technique.
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