Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) 🗣️: ENT Lectures
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Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) 🗣️
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Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) 🗣️ is a viral respiratory illness that primarily affects young children, characterized by inflammation and swelling of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
The condition is most commonly caused by the parainfluenza virus, but other viruses such as influenza, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can also be responsible.
The hallmark symptoms include a distinctive "barking" cough, stridor (a high-pitched wheezing sound during breathing), hoarseness, and respiratory distress, which are usually worse at night. The inflammation leads to narrowing of the airway, making it difficult for the child to breathe.
Diagnosis is typically clinical, based on symptoms, and a classic "steeple sign" may be seen on a neck X-ray due to subglottic narrowing.
Management involves keeping the child calm, administering humidified air, corticosteroids to reduce airway swelling, and nebulized epinephrine in severe cases. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and ensure airway patency. 🏥👶🩺
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