IP Subnetting Explained: Packet Tracer labs. Answers Part 1
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Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A, B, or C network. If you do not subnet, you are only able to use one network from your Class A, B, or C network, which is unrealistic.
Each data link on a network must have a unique network ID, with every node on that link being a member of the same network. If you break a major network (Class A, B, or C) into smaller subnetworks, it allows you to create a network of interconnecting subnetworks. Each data link on this network would then have a unique network/subnetwork ID. Any device, or gateway, that connects n networks/subnetworks has n distinct IP addresses, one for each network / subnetwork that it interconnects.
In order to subnet a network, extend the natural mask with some of the bits from the host ID portion of the address in order to create a subnetwork ID.
An IP address is an address used in order to uniquely identify a device on an IP network. The address is made up of 32 binary bits, which can be divisible into a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits). Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot). For this reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal format (for example, 172.16.81.100). The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 - 11111111 binary.
Here is how binary octets convert to decimal: The right most bit, or least significant bit, of an octet holds a value of 20. The bit just to the left of that holds a value of 2^1. This continues until the left-most bit, or most significant bit, which holds a value of 2^7.
Transcription:
In this network we’ve been told to subnet 192.168.1.0/24 into 4 subnets. In other words, we need a subnet for site 1, site 2, this serial link and this serial link. Now we haven’t been told to use a /30 mask on the serial links. We’ll do that in a separate video. So all we need to do at this point is take 192.168.1.0/24 and subnet that into four subnets.
Now when we look at network address such as 192.168.1.0 we need to determine which part is the network and which part is the host portion. Currently, this portion is the network portion. We can’t change the network portion but we can manipulate and change the host portion of the address. So in other words, what we can do is change this last octet. The reason why we can’t manipulate the first 3 octets is because that’s part of the network, 24 essentially means that we have 24 binary 1s. Now you don’t have spaces in an octet or like this I’m just doing it to make it easier to read. But essentially 24 means that we have 24 1s in the subnet mask. So that’s 24 binary 1s which essentially equates to 255.255.255 0
It’s important that you know how to convert decimal to binary. This binary value equates to decimal 255, so the host portion of the address is once again that portion, this portion is the network portion. We can’t manipulate the network portion but the host portion consisting of 8 binary zeros can be manipulated.
Now when we subnet think of subnetting kind of like stealing bits. We’re going to steal bits from the host portion. We need to work out how many bits are required for the number of subnets that we need. In this example, we need 4 subnets. Now when it comes to subnetting, there are two formulas that you need to know: 2 to the power of N and 2 to the power of N minus 2. This formula is used when we asked for subnets, which is what we’ve been asked in this question. This formula we need to use when we asked for a certain number of hosts....
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