Orbital Parameters
two perspectives useful in describing the important orbital parameters used to define Earth-orbiting satellite characteristics.
Apogee:
The point farthest from earth.
Perigee:
The point of closest approach to earth.
Line of Apsides:
The line joining the perigee and apogee through the center of earth.
Ascending Node:
The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane, going from South to North.
Descending node:
The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane, going from north to south.
Line of nodes:
The line joining the ascending and descending nodes through the center of earth.
Argument of perigee:
The angle (𝝎) from ascending node to perigee, measured from the orbit plane.
Right ascension of the ascending node:
The angle measured eastward, in the equatorial plane, from the line to the first point of axis (Y) to the ascending node.
The eccentricity is a measure of the circularity of the orbit.
It is determined from
𝒆= (𝒓_𝒂 − 𝒓_𝒑)/(𝒓_𝒂 + 𝒓_𝒑 )
Where
𝒆 = the eccentricity of the orbit
𝒓_𝒂 = the distance from the centre of the earth to the apogee point
𝒓_𝒑 = the distance from the centre of the earth to the perigee point.
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