What is B-roll? | Video Journalism Basics
If you wonder, "What is Broll?" or "How do I film example footage?" This video should answer all of your questions. In film and television production, B-roll, B roll, B-reel or B reel is supplemental or alternative footage intercut with the main shot. The term A-roll referring to the main footage has fallen out of use, but we still call the alternative footage B-roll.
In Television News, the job of a photojournalist (or photographer) is to go out in the world and capture video of supplemental footage for the editors to cut into a news story. Many times the reporter will go with you and participate in the act of news gathering, other times you will be asked to venture out alone.
Films and videos may cut away from the main story to show related scenery or action. Establishing shots may be used to show the audience the context of the story. These secondary images are often presented without sound, or with very low level sound, as the sound from the primary footage is expected to continue while the other images are shown. The various shots presented without sound are called B-roll.
B-roll may be shot by smaller second unit crews, since there is no need for sound. In electronic news-gathering (ENG) and documentary film projects, B-roll footage is often shot after the main interview is shot, to provide supporting scenes for what was said by the interview subject. In a docudrama project, B-roll may refer to dramatic re-enactment scenes staged by the producer and performed by actors, to be used as cutaway shots.
There are many different types of B-roll, including: insert shots, FX shots, establishing shots, stock footage, and pickup shots.
B-roll footage may be added to or drawn from a stock footage library.
Camera coverage, or coverage, is the amount and kind of footage shot used to capture a scene in filmmaking and video production. The film editor uses coverage in post-production to assemble the final cut.
Coverage shots are needed because the long take master shot looks static and stagey to modern audiences.
The establishing shot is one kind of coverage shot. It helps to place the viewer in a physical context, and avoid a claustrophobic feel to the film.
Cutaway shots are considered part of coverage. These are images other than the principal action or dialogue. "A cutaway can be a reaction shot, what a character is seeing, a piece of the environment, or an object."Cutaway shots can be used when coverage is lacking, but they can also be integral elements of coverage designed to implement the visualization of the scene.
The cut-in/cut-out shot is another useful coverage shot. After the master shot is taken, a medium shot from the same angle is photographed. The editor can cut back and forth between the two shots. The cut-in or cut-out helps to cover the edit when dialogue is edited out ("compressed"), can be used by the director or editor to choose the best performance by an actor, and can even serve as a form of match cut that serves to place action in context.
While coverage is generally thought of in terms of shots and angles, coverage may also include the use of different focal lengths.
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