Chapter 1.4: Amazon EC2: Virtual Servers in the Cloud 2024
Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) allows users to launch and configure virtual servers (instances) in the cloud. These virtual servers provide scalable computing power, which can be adjusted based on demand. To launch an EC2 instance, navigate to the EC2 dashboard in the AWS Management Console and follow the steps to create a virtual server. You’ll choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that defines the operating system, and select an instance type that determines the performance of the server. Common options include the t2.micro instance, which is suitable for small-scale applications and is part of the AWS Free Tier.
Once launched, an EC2 instance can be customized further, such as adding additional storage through Elastic Block Store (EBS) and configuring security groups. Security groups act as a virtual firewall, allowing specific traffic such as SSH (port 22) or HTTP (port 80) for web server access. Key pairs are also used to securely connect to instances via SSH.
Amazon EC2 provides different instance types optimized for various use cases, including general-purpose, compute-optimized, memory-optimized, and storage-optimized instances. Additionally, EC2 offers flexible pricing models, such as On-Demand for short-term workloads, Reserved Instances for long-term commitments, Spot Instances for cost-effective flexible workloads, and Dedicated Hosts for regulatory compliance and licensing requirements.
In a hands-on exercise, you can deploy a basic web server on an EC2 instance by installing Apache on an Amazon Linux 2 AMI. By connecting to the instance via SSH and running commands to install and start Apache, you can verify the setup by viewing the default Apache welcome page in a browser. For automation, you can use a startup script during instance creation to install and configure a LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) automatically.
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