In physics, polarization refers to the orientation of the oscillations of waves, particularly electromagnetic waves like light. While unpolarized light has electric field vectors oscillating in all possible directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation, polarized light has these oscillations restricted to a specific direction.
This can be linear, where the electric field oscillates in a single plane, circular, where the field rotates in a circle around the propagation direction, or elliptical, which is a more general form where the oscillations trace out an ellipse. Polarization can occur naturally or be induced using polarizing filters, like those in polarizing sunglasses.
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