Fight for Freedom Part 1 - CBSE Class 5 Social Science lesson
Fight for Freedom - Part 1 CBSE Class 5 Social Science lesson
Fight for Freedom
The educated Indians realised that removal of outdated Indian customs and superstitions were necessary for the progress of Indian society.
Several social reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Dayanand Saraswati and Syed Ahmed Khan fought against these evil practices and believed that the condition of the Indian people will improve only if they are educated.
The Revolt of 1857 made the people realise the injustice of British Rule, and the value of freedom.
Educated people understood the motive of the British and became highly dissatisfied with them and thus they started forming institutions and associations of their own in order to draw the attention of the British rulers to their problems.
The first President of INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS was W.C.BANNERJEE
The first session of the INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS was held in Bombay (Mumbai). After that they met in different cities every year. Initially their main demand was to bring reforms so that Indians could lead a more free and better life under the British.
Some of the important leaders of the congress were:
DADABHAI NAOROJI
GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE
MADAN MOHAN MALVIYA
They believed in the method of patience and persuasion and thus were called as MODERATES.
Some leaders of the Congress preferred a stronger and a more active opposition to the British. They wanted SWARAJ or self rule for the Indians…and were referred to as EXTREMISTS.
Some important extremist leaders were
LALA LAJPAT RAI
BAL GANGADHAR TILAK
BIPIN CHANDRA PAL
Lokmanya Tilak declared, “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it”. He wanted to arouse the feeling of patriotism in Indians and thus…. He started a newspaper called KESARI in which he spoke out against the British, for which he was arrested many times.
The growing feeling of nationalism worried the British and they thought of dividing the Indians on the basis of religion.
PARTITION OF BENGAL
So in 1905, they decided to divide BENGAL into two parts-----
One for the HINDUS and
The other for the MUSLIMS.
SWADESHI MOVEMENT
The partition of BENGAL enraged the Indians and it gave rise to the SWADESHI MOVEMENT. SWADESHI means “OWN COUNTRY”
SWADESHI MOVEMENT
People pledged to use goods made in their own country and boycotted British goods.
Bonfires of British goods specially clothes were made at several places.
SWADESHI MOVEMENT
Women and students also participated in the movement. It started in Bengal but soon spread to other parts of the country.
The British tried ruthlessly to suppress this movement but were unsuccessful and were forced to reunify BENGAL.
REVOLUTIONARIES
After the partition of Bengal several young Indians started using violent means to fight the BRITISH, and were willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the country.
They were called REVOLUTIONARIES
IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONARIES
This movement was however not successful because their violent means of protest were not supported by the masses.
WORLD WAR I AND AFTER
In 1914, when the WORLD WAR I broke out, lakhs of Indian soldiers fought and thousands laid down their lives for the British.
Indians thought that the british would be more sympathetic towards them after the war, but the British became more harsh.
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