AWS Load Balancer Types | Application Load Balancer / Network Load Balancer / Classic Load Balancer
AWS Load Balancer Types | Application Load Balancer / Network Load Balancer / Classic Load Balancer
All AWS load balancers distribute incoming requests to a number of targets, which can be either EC2 instances or Docker containers.
They all implement health checks, which are used to detect unhealthy instances.
They are all highly available and elastic (They scale up and down within a few minutes according to workload).
TLS termination is a feature available for all three as well, and they can all be either internet-facing or internal.
Finally, ELB, ALB, and NLB all export useful metrics to CloudWatch and can log pertinent information to CloudWatch Logs.
Classic Load Balancer
This load balancer is usually abbreviated ELB for Elastic Load Balancer, as this was its name when it was first introduced in 2009 was - - The only type of load balancer available.
ELB works at both layer 4 (TCP) and 7 (HTTP)
The only load balancer that works in EC2-Classic
It’s the only load balancer that supports application-defined sticky session cookies; in contrast, ALB uses its own cookies, and you have no control over that.
At layer 7, ELB can terminate TLS traffic.
It isn’t compatible with EKS containers running on Fargate. Also, it can’t forward traffic on more than one port per instance.
Application Load Balancer
In 2016, AWS launched its Elastic Load Balancing version 2, which is made up of two offers: Application Load Balancer (ALB) and Network Load Balancer (NLB). They both use a similar architecture and concepts.
Most importantly, they both use the concept of “target groups,” which is one additional level of redirection. It can be conceptualized in this way. Listeners receive requests and decide (based on a wide range of rules) to which target group they will forward the requests.
An Application Load Balancer (ALB) only works at layer 7 (HTTP).
It has a wide range of routing rules for incoming requests based on host name, path, query string parameter, HTTP method, HTTP headers, source IP, or port number.
In contrast, ELB only allows routing based on port number. Also, contrary to ELB, ALB can route requests to many ports on a single target. Plus, ALB can route requests to Lambda functions.
A very useful feature of ALB is that it can be configured to return a fixed response or a redirection.
So you don’t need a server to perform such basic tasks because it is all embedded in the ALB itself. Also very importantly, ALB supports HTTP/2 and websockets.
An interesting feature of ALB is that it supports user authentication via a variety of methods, including OIDC, SAML, LDAP, Microsoft AD, and well-known social identity providers such as Facebook and Google. This can help you off-load the user authentication part of your application to the load balancer. ALBs are typically used for web applications. If you have a microservices architecture, ALB can be used as an internal load balancer in front of EC2 instances or Docker containers that implement a given service. You can also use them in front of an application implementing a REST API, although AWS API Gateway would generally be a better choice here.
Network Load Balancer
A Network Load Balancer (NLB) works at layer 4 only and can handle both TCP and UDP, as well as TCP connections encrypted with TLS.
Its main feature is that it has a very high performance. Also, it uses static IP addresses and can be assigned Elastic IPs—not possible with ALB and ELB.
A typical use case would be a near real-time data streaming service (video, stock quotes, etc.) Another typical case is that you would need to use an NLB if your application uses non-HTTP protocols.
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