Basic Working of an Engine : Bike and Car | RevNitro |
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The basic working principles of engines in both bikes and cars are similar, as most of them use internal combustion engines (ICE). These engines convert the chemical energy in fuel into mechanical energy, which then powers the vehicle. Let’s go through the process step-by-step:
1. Components of an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE):
Cylinder: Where the fuel combustion happens.
Piston: Moves up and down inside the cylinder.
Crankshaft: Converts the piston's linear motion into rotational motion.
Valves: Control the flow of air/fuel mixture into the cylinder and exhaust gases out.
Spark Plug (for petrol engines): Ignites the air-fuel mixture.
Fuel Injector or Carburetor: Supplies the right amount of fuel into the cylinder.
Camshaft: Opens and closes the valves in the correct sequence.
2. Four-Stroke Engine Cycle
Most bikes and cars use a four-stroke cycle in their engines. The four stages of this cycle are:
Intake Stroke:
The intake valve opens, and the piston moves down, creating a vacuum.
Air (in diesel engines) or an air-fuel mixture (in petrol engines) is drawn into the cylinder.
Compression Stroke:
The intake valve closes, and the piston moves back up.
This compresses the air-fuel mixture, making it more explosive when ignited.
Power Stroke (Combustion):
A spark plug (in petrol engines) or high compression (in diesel engines) ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture.
The explosion forces the piston back down, creating the power that drives the crankshaft.
Exhaust Stroke:
The exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves up again.
The burnt gases are expelled from the cylinder, clearing it for the next cycle.
This cycle repeats multiple times per second to keep the engine running.
3. Engine Differences Between Bikes and Cars
Size and Configuration: Car engines generally have more cylinders (4, 6, or 8) compared to bikes, which typically have 1, 2, or 4 cylinders.
Orientation: Bike engines are usually smaller, lighter, and more compact, often mounted in a way that balances the weight evenly.
Power Delivery: Bike engines are designed for quick acceleration and high-revving, providing power at high RPMs, while car engines often focus on providing consistent power and torque across a broader range.
4. Transmission
Bikes: Most motorcycles have a manual transmission with a sequential gearbox, meaning the rider shifts through the gears in order.
Cars: Cars can have either a manual or automatic transmission, with the automatic versions shifting gears without the driver's input.
5. Fuel Types
Petrol (Gasoline): Most bikes and many cars run on petrol engines. These engines have spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
Diesel: Some cars (and rarely bikes) use diesel engines, which rely on higher compression ratios to ignite the fuel without spark plugs.
Summary of Working Process
Fuel mixes with air in the intake system.
This mixture enters the cylinder during the intake stroke.
The mixture is compressed by the piston.
A spark plug or high compression ignites the mixture, causing combustion.
The explosion pushes the piston, turning the crankshaft.
The exhaust gases are expelled during the exhaust stroke.
The crankshaft's rotational motion is transferred to the wheels via the transmission.
This fundamental process is the same in both bike and car engines, although they vary in design, size, and power output.
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