planning an experiment | paper 5 | a level physics |question 1|9702/52| 2022 exam
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• a level physics| planning physics pap...
Rules for Defining the Problem (P-marks)
1 The independent variable should be the one that can be varied easily, and the dependant variable should be
the one that varies by itself as the independent variable is varied (i.e. it does not need to be varied
separately).
2 The independent and dependent variables should both be there in the relationship given in the question.
3 All those variables (physical quantities) upon which the dependent and/or independent variables depend,
directly or indirectly, should be kept constant, because: when these variables vary, the dependent and/or
independent variables also vary with them. These variables may or may not be there in the given
relationship.
Note: Sometimes, any one of the two quantities in the given relationship may be chosen as the independent
variable, and the other quantity, as the dependent variable.
1.2 Rules for Method of Data Collection (M-marks)
1 A clear labelled diagram, illustrating the assembled experimental setup, should be drawn in the space
provided.
Note: Sometimes (e.g. in the experiments of electricity), a separate circuit diagram containing conventional
symbols of the circuit components should also be drawn.
2 Method of varying the independent variable should be described if appropriate.
3 Methods of determining the dependent and independent variables should be described, and the names of
the measuring instruments to be used should also be stated explicitly.
Note: The measuring instrument chosen should be appropriate; that is, it should be able to measure the
required physical quantity with appropriate accuracy (i.e. with reasonably small percentage uncertainty).
4 Method of minimising the environmental effect (e.g. background reading) on the readings to be taken should
be described if appropriate.
5 Methods of keeping other variables constant should be described if appropriate.
For full marks to be scored in this section, the overall arrangement should be workable; that is, it should be
possible to collect the required data without undue difficulty if the apparatus is assembled as described.
1.3 Rules for Describing Method of Analysis (A-marks)
1 From the equation given in the question, another equation should be written (either by simply rearranging the
given equation or by using logarithmic identities) so that a straight-line graph may be obtained between (the
functions of) dependent and independent variables.
2 The functions of dependent and independent variables, to be taken along the y- and x-axes respectively,
should be identified.
3 The expressions for the gradient and y-intercept of the graph should be identified.
4 If the experiment is designed to test a relationship, then a statement of the following form should be given:
“If the graph turns out to be straight-line and passes/does not pass through the origin, then the suggested
relationship is correct”.
Note: Sometimes a statement like: “If the graph turns out to be straight-line, then the suggested relationship
is correct” may also serve the purpose.
5 If the experiment is designed to determine a value for some constant, then the constant must be made the
subject of the equation (from the expression of gradient or y-intercept).
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