types of scope in python
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in python, the concept of scope refers to the region of code where a variable is accessible. python has two main types of scopes: global scope and local scope. understanding scopes is crucial for writing clean and bug-free code. in this tutorial, we'll explore both types of scopes with examples.
variables defined outside of any function or class have a global scope. they are accessible throughout the entire program.
in this example, global_var is declared outside the function global_scope_example, making it a global variable. it can be accessed both inside and outside the function.
variables defined within a function have a local scope. they are accessible only within that specific function.
in this example, local_var is a local variable because it is defined within the function local_scope_example. attempting to access it outside the function will result in an error.
when both global and local variables share the same name, the interpreter follows the principle of scope hierarchy. local scope takes precedence over global scope.
in this example, common_var is both a global and local variable. inside the function, the local variable is used, while outside the function, the global variable is accessed.
understanding python scopes is essential for writing robust and maintainable code. properly managing variable scopes ensures that variables are used in the intended context, reducing the chances of unexpected behavior and bugs in your programs.
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