Fundamentals of Maps
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In Salesforce, maps are not directly associated with geographical maps but rather refer to a specific data structure used to associate keys and values. The fundamental concept in Salesforce is called a "Map" or "Map Collection," and it is essentially a collection of key-value pairs where each unique key is associated with a specific value.
Here are the key fundamentals of Maps in Salesforce:
1. *Definition:*
A Map in Salesforce is a collection of key-value pairs where each key must be unique.
The keys and values can be of any data type, including primitive types, objects, or even other collections.
2. *Declaration:*
Maps are declared using the `Map` keyword, followed by the data types of the key and value inside angle brackets (``).
3. *Initialization:*
Maps can be initialized using curly braces `{}` with key-value pairs.
4. *Adding and Retrieving Elements:*
You can add elements to a map using the `put` method.
Example:
```apex
country codes.put('Australia', 'AU');
```
To retrieve a value, use the key:
```apex
String countryCode = country codes.get('USA');
```
5. *Checking if a Key Exists:*
You can use the `containsKey` method to check if a specific key exists in the map.
Example:
```apex
if (country codes.containsKey('India')) {
// Do something
}
```
6. *Iterating Over Maps:*
You can use loops to iterate over the keys or values of a map.
Example:
```apex
for (String country: countryCodes.keySet()) {
System.debug('Country: ' + country + ', Code: ' + countryCodes.get(country));
}
```
7. *Size and Clearing:*
The `size` method returns the number of key-value pairs in the map.
The `clear` method removes all key-value pairs from the map.
Example:
```apex
Integer mapSize = countryCodes.size();
countryCodes.clear();
```
8. *Map Methods:*
Salesforce provides various methods for working with maps, such as `keySet()`, `values()`, `entrySet()`, etc. These methods provide sets or lists that can be useful in different scenarios.
Maps are extensively used in Salesforce development for scenarios like storing configuration settings, processing records efficiently, and managing complex data structures. Understanding how to use maps is crucial for effective Apex development in the Salesforce platform.
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