The origin of the Kazakhs of the Junior zhuz from the point of view genetics (on the Y-chromosome)
We continue the topic of the origin of the populations of Kazakhstan, where one of the elements of culture is tribal affiliation, and the population consists of numerous tribes and clans. Their geographical settlement led to the emergence of three socio-historical associations, known as the Senior, Middle and Junior Zhuzes. Today I offer you an overview of the study the origin of the people of the Younger Zhuz, the western part of Kazakhstan based on the results of the work of scientists from Kazakhstan, Russia and China. Who is interested, the video about the origin of the Kazakhs of the Elder Zhuz is also on the channel.
The Junior Zhuz consists of three large tribal unions: Alimuly, Bayuly and Zhetyru, which number approximately 2.5 million people or about 20% of the Kazakh population in Kazakhstan, although the modern census does not include tribal affiliation. Representatives of the Younger Zhuz also live in Uzbekistan, mainly in the Bukhara and Samarkand regions, and in Russia, where the Zhagalbayly family from the Zhetyru association is known among the Nogais.
In folklore, there are several different hypotheses about the origin of alimuls, bayuls and zhetyru from the Younger Zhuz.
The first hypothesis suggests that 6 genera of alimuls, 12 bayuls and 7 zhetyru, arose independently of each other and, accordingly, without a common ancestor in the male line.
According to the second hypothesis, alimuls and bayuls are related to each other and have a common ancestor Alau-batyr, an emir from the Alshyn tribe, who lived during the Khan of the Golden Horde – Janibek, in the XIV century. Historical and ethnographic data suggest that the Alshyn and Alchin tribe, a medieval tribe mentioned as part of 92 Uzbek nomadic tribes, whose representatives lived in Mongolia until the XIII century, were actually one tribal group. While zhetyru is a union of seven genera, not related to alimuls bayuls and, but originating from the genera of the Middle Zhuz, which were united by Tauke Khan in the 2nd half of the XVII century.
The third hypothesis is based on the legend of a common biological founding father of the Alau, for all three tribes.
And the fourth hypothesis says that Alimuls and Bayuls are descendants of the Kalmyks-Torguts.
And which of these hypotheses has been confirmed will become clear from this review.
The purpose of this research work was to study the genera of the Younger Zhuz in a large sample of the population by conducting a deep phylogenetic analysis of the haplogroup C2a1a2-M48 and interpreting the obtained genetic data together with demographic data on the generic organization and folklore of the Western Kazakhs, as well as historical and ethnographic evidence of their origin.
#science #genetics #Kazakhstan #history #zhuz
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Source:
Zhabagin M., Sabitov Z., Tazhigulova I., etc. Medieval Super-grandfather-the founder of the West Kazakhstan clans from the haplogroup C2a1a2-M48. J Hum Genet (2021). doi.org/10.1038/s10038-021-00901-5
Content:
00: 00 Introduction
04: 00 Y-chromosome Haplogroups
05: 20 Comparison with previously studied genera
06: 16 Detailed analysis of haplogroup C-M48
07: 41 Phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a1a2-M48
10: 15 Conclusions
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