Working Principle of three phase induction motor
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Operating Principle of an Induction Motor
Induction motor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a
3-phase stator winding is fed from 3-phase supply a rotating magnetic field of constant magnitude and rotating at synchronous speed.
At the time of switch on, the rotor is stationary and rotating magnetic field (RMF) is produced in the stator. Hence there is a relative speed (NS-0), between RMF and the rotor. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, voltages are induced in the rotor. Since the rotor is a closed circuit, induced currents flow through the rotor. These induced currents, establish their own rotor flux. Hence electromagnetic torque is produced between stator RMF and rotor flux. According to Lenz’s law, induced current and induced flux of rotor act in such a direction, to oppose the very cause producing it. Here the cause is relative speed between RMF and rotor. To reduce the relative speed, rotor starts rotating in the same direction of
RMF. This is how electrical power is transferred from stator to rotor through
common magnetic field by the law of induction. Hence the motor is called as an induction motor.
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