What Happened To The Silk Route?
Neither a physical road nor a singular path, the Silk Route does not exist. Instead, the phrase refers to a system of trade routes that have been in operation for more than 1,500 years, beginning with the Han dynasty of China's opening of commerce in 130 B.C.E.
The well-traveled trade route between Europe and East Asia was originally referred to as the "Silk Route" in 1877 CE by German explorer and geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen. The phrase can also be used to symbolize the transfer of ideas and goods between various cultural groups. Although the Silk Route is the name given to the network of trade routes, other historians prefer the term Silk Routes since it more accurately captures the varied routes that traders took.
The Silk Route gained popularity among European traders in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. According to Marco Polo, Italian traders took ships to the Caspian Sea via the Silk Route and used them to conduct business there. Another intrepid trader published La Praticha Della Mercatura (The Practice of Trade) in 1340. It contains helpful advice for merchants traveling to the East and suggests the Eurasian Steppe Route. Pegolotti may not have personally traveled to the East, so his travel guide was likely put together using the testimonies of the numerous traders who had.
The Mongols were eventually driven out of China in 1368. Their already fractured kingdom started to deteriorate. Under Timur the Lame, it briefly flourished, bringing enormous wealth to his capital city of Samarkand, but it completely vanished following his passing in 1404. Local traders once again controlled trade along the Silk Route.
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