python define a function inside a function
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certainly! defining a function inside another function in python is known as nested functions. nested functions are a powerful feature of python that allows you to encapsulate logic within a parent function. this can help in organizing code and making it more readable. in this tutorial, i'll explain how to define and use nested functions with code examples.
the syntax for defining a nested function is straightforward. here's how you can define a nested function inside another function:
in the above example, inner_function() is defined inside outer_function().
nested functions are scoped within the enclosing function. this means that the inner function can access variables from the outer function, but not vice versa. here's an example to demonstrate this:
output:
you can also return a nested function from the outer function. this allows you to create closures, where the inner function maintains access to the variables of the enclosing function even after the outer function has finished execution. here's an example:
output:
let's see a practical example where nested functions can be useful. we'll create a function to calculate the area of various shapes: rectangle, square, and circle.
output:
nested functions in python provide a way to encapsulate logic within a function, making the code more modular and readable. they allow access to variables from the enclosing function and can be returned as closures. however, it's essential to use them judiciously to maintain code clarity and avoid complexity.
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