Blood Vessels - Arteries, Veins And Capillaries | Class 11 Biology
Blood Vessels - Arteries, Veins And Capillaries | Class 11 Biology
About This Video ........................
In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept Of Blood Vessels
The third component of the blood circulatory system of humans comprises of the blood vessels;
formation), and if thrombus is formed in the brain or heart it is fatal. (Atherosclerosis is a major
layer of the arteries, which may be due to high level of cholesterol in the blood.Arteriosclerosis
(ii) Capillaries :These are blood vessels with walls that are only one cell thick.
the result, that water and dissolved substances pass in and out exchanging oxygen, carbon dioxide
is a degenerative arterial change associated with advancing age. Primarily a thickening of middle
condition leading to heart attack.
of the body. The wall of the arteries is made up of three layers, outer, (made of connective tissue
nervous and endocrine systems. When stimulated the muscle contracts, constricting the arterioles
14.30). Although the blood appears confined within the capillary walls, the latter are permeable with
and elastic fibres), middle (made of thick muscular tissue and elastic fibres) and inner, endothelium
Atherosclerosis (G. athere = porridge; skeleoris = hardening): It is coexisting atheroma and
(vasoconstriction) and thus reducing the low of blood in them.
arteries, capillaries and veins.
layer of arteries, and usually associated with some degree of atheroma. So Atherosclerosis causes
When the muscles are relaxed the arterioles are dilated (vasodilation) more blood lows in them,
called capillaries.
The arterioles themselves divide repeatedly until they form a dense network of microscopic vessels,
(i) Arteries :These are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart to different parts
The contraction of the circular (smooth muscles) of arteries and arterioles is under the control of
arteriosclerosis; atheroma is deposition of hard yellow plaque of lipoid material in the inner most
narrowing and hardening of arteries. This increases the risk of formation of thrombus (see thrombus
dissolved food and excretory products with the tissues around capillary. The capillary network is
so dense that no living cell is far from a supply of oxygen and food. In the liver, every cell is in
Thus the exchange of materials takes place between blood and tissues via extracellular or interstitial
Veins join to form larger veins, and ultimately form venae cavae (Inferior vena cava and superior
(ii) Through the intercellular spaces of endothelial lining of wall of capillary to and from the
diameter is brought about by a change in the shape of the cells, constituting their walls. The pre
blood towards heart.
(iii) Materials from the cavity of capillaries are also taken up by endocytosis, and then passed to
which tends to close them, and by chemicals, such as histamine, which dilate them. The change in
the other side by exocytosis. Same is true for some materials entering from the interceullar
blood lowing in a certain tissue is controlled.
direct contact with a capillary. The diameter of a capillary can be altered by nervous stimulation,
vena cava) which pour the blood into the right atrium of the heart. The oxygenated blood from the
extracellular fluid.
of surrounding muscles, when they contract, tends to squash the veins and assist the return of
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